Effective sterilization and disinfection play a vital role in maintaining a safe and hygienic environment in hospitals. Key principles include using appropriate disinfectants and sterilants, following manufacturer guidelines, and ensuring proper contact time for maximum efficacy. Techniques such as autoclaving, chemical disinfection, and UV irradiation are commonly employed to eliminate pathogens, preventing infections and safeguarding both patients and healthcare professionals. Adherence to these principles and techniques is essential for optimal infection control and overall patient well-being in hospital settings.